Conclusion

The manual and web tool provide a structured approach to valuing changes in ecosystem services due to land use change in qualitative, quantitative and monetary terms. Especially at an early stage, this valuation can be an added value in the decision-making process, because it clearly maps out the pros and cons of a project.

The manual and the web tool are based on the latest state of scientific knowledge in the field of quantification and valuation techniques. They make as much use as possible of the knowledge of biophysical and chemical processes in ecosystems. They build on knowledge and data available for Flanders and, where necessary, borrow information from other regions or countries.

The manual and the web tool help to make the socio-economic benefits of ecosystems visible. They provide values that can be used in decision tools such as an environmental impact assessment, a cost-effectiveness analysis, or a cost-benefit analysis. They provide an opportunity to assess the indicative (positive or negative) effects on green space, using methods that are useful to many potential users.

The tool does not calculate the absolute value of nature. It is infinite since man depends on nature for his survival. Therefore, the socio-economic value of ecosystems must be placed within a broader decision framework alongside other non-economic objectives such as conservation objectives.

The manual and the web tool provide as much insight as possible into uncertainties that exist in science and with regard to our knowledge of the future. We do this by giving a low and high estimate. By changing the assumptions (basic information) the user can perform a sensitivity analysis if desired.

The knowledge and data on ecosystem services are in full development. This study provides a snapshot of the available knowledge and data at the beginning of 2017. This manual and tool are an update of the first version of the Nature Value Explorer from 2011. The aim is to continue updating and supplementing this tool.